Shear bond strength of porcelain to a base-metal compared to zirconia core

Recent clinical results for Zirconia all-ceramic restorations have revealed that the fracture rate 6-15% of the Zirconia framework is so low and the core of Zirconia has high stability. However, chipping-off fractures of porcelain are the most common reason for failures of Zirconia in the fixed partial dentures

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength [SBS] of porcelain in the porcelain fused to metal and all-ceramic crowns with Zirconia core

Materials and Methods: Two groups were selected: porcelain fused to metal [PFM] and porcelain fused to Zirconia [PFZ] [n = 30].In the PFM group, a wax model [10 × 10 × 10mm]was used to cast metal base [Ni_Cr alloy]. In the PFZ group, an acrylic cubic model [10 × 10 × 10mm] was made as Zirconia model for scanning.15 cubic Zirconia samples were milled by CAD-CAM. The procedure of porcelain veneering was conducted by the conventional layering technique up to 2 mm thickness [2.5 × 2.5 × 2 mm]. All specimens were stored in water for 48 hrs. Thermal cycling was conducted for 20000 cycles between 55[degree sign]C and 5[degree sign]C alternatively for 30s.All samples were mounted in acrylic resin and the SBS test was performed, using a universal testing machine. The analysis of data was performed at a significance level of 0.05 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U-test

Results: Mean of SBS in PFM and PFZ was 24.57 and 20.88, respectively. The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of porcelain fused to metal and Zirconia in item shear bond strength [p = 0.455]

Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the two groups of PFM and PFZ in the item SBS

Prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in slaughtered goats in Isfahan province

Linguatula serrata, a tongue worm, is an aberrant cosmopolitan parasite, which inhabits the canine respiratory system [final host]. The discharged eggs infect many plant feeder, including ruminants and human being, that produce visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis which is known as Marrara syndrome in man. In the current study, the prevalence rate of infection with L. serrata nymphs in mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes [MLNs] of slaughtered goats was investigated by cutting in MLNs and observing them in Isfahan Province, Iran. The MLNs of 620 slaughtered goats, including 197 females and 423 males, after the preparation of the lymph nodes, were examined for L. serrate nymphs by cutting them longitudinally and testing them by using a dissecting microscope for L. serrata nymphs. Then, in the suspected cases, the samples were digested by pepsin and hydrochloric acid and were examined for presence of L. serrate nymphs. Goats were categorized into four age groups, including < 1.5 year, 1.5 to 2.5 years, 2.5 to 3.5 years, and > 3.5 years. The results showed that 54.35% of the examined goats were infected with L. serrata. Sex had no significant effect on the prevalence rate of this parasite in goats. Ahigh prevalence rate of infection in goats suggests a possible similar high rate of infection in other animals and man in the investigated area, which emphasizes undertaking strict control measures to reduce the risk of zoonotic outbreaks

To compare the performance of quanti-feron with the tuberculin skin test for identifying latent tuberculosis infection

Tuberculosis [TB] is an important issue which its control is still unsatisfactory at global level. Traditional diagnostic techniques for active TB diagnosis are inadequate: the diagnostic gold standard is the culturel exam which suffers from lengthy processing and requires highly specialized laboratories. Nowadays more specifie tests hâve been recommended. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of Quanti FERON-TB [QFT] Gold In Tube-Test as a substitute for specifie test tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in high risk groups. One hundred thirty four [134] individuels who worked in Bo-Ali hospital [Zahedan] enrolled in this study. They had no active tuberculosis. TST and QFT tests were performed. The cut-off point of TST was considered based on 15 [mm] or more indurations as positive. The resuit of QFT was evaluated by manufactured guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the putative risk factors of positive tests. Proportion of employees with latent TB were 1 1 1 [82.8%] were positive by either TST or QFT, and 76[56.7%] were positive by both tests. Agreement between the tests was high [73.8%, k=0.39; 95% E.21-0.44]. Positive family history of Tuberculosis was significant risk factor for both positive tests. This study showed high latent tuberculosis infection prevalence in hospital workers and high agreement between TST and QFT. Decision to select one of the tests will be depended on the population, purpose of study and availability of resources. The results revealed that the QFT can be appropriate alternative test for high risk group

Blood glucose lowering effects of Nigella sativa l. seeds oil in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Several formulations of the Nigella sativa L. seeds [Black seed] have been used in traditional medicine for treatment and prevention of a wide range of diseases including diabetes. But blood glucose lowering effects of its oil in a clinical study is of an interest. The present study was undertaken to explore the possible blood glucose lowering effects of the Black seed oil on healthy subjects. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 70 healthy subjects referring to Bagiatallah hospital. The subjects were randomly selected and enrolled in to two groups of 35 each. One group received 2.5 ml Black seed oil and the other group received similarly 2.5 ml mineral oil two times a day. The fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, liver and renal function test was determined at the baseline and after two months. Results showed that significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in Black seed oil treated patients as compared to control group at the end of the study. No notable liver, kidney and gastrointestinal side effects were observed in these two groups. Administration of 5 ml Black seed oil daily to healthy subjects for two months had beneficial effects on improving glycemic profile without any adverse effects

[ review on pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa L. seeds]

The Nigella sativa L. seeds have been used as herbal medicine in several countries for the treatment and prevention of a wide range of diseases like cough and bronchial asthma, headache, nasal congestion, toothaches, intestinal worm, menstrual disorder, digestive abnormality, and impotence. The aim of this review was to collect updated available data focused on the pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa seeds. A computerized search was performed using the electronic database such as Medline and SID for selection and collection of articles focused on the pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa seed published from 1980 to 2010. The large number of articles published on pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa seeds oil and extract over recent three decade. Results indicates that Nigella sativa seeds oil and seed extract with anti-inflammatory, anti - oxidant, antihistamine and immunomudulator properties has wide spectrum protective effects in various diseases such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, digestive and psychiatric disease observed in experimental and clinical studies. No side effects were reported in clinical study on therapeutic dosage of Nigella sativa seeds. The present scientific-based evidence indicate that Nigella sativa seeds have protective effects on liver, kidney and gastrointestinal, cardio vascular and nervous system, as well as beneficial effects on inflammatory, cancer, microbial and parasites diseases in experimental studies. Furthermore its efficacy on diseases such as diabetes hyperlipidemia and hypertension observed in experimental as well as clinical studies without any side effects. This information may be useful for scientist for induction of clinical trial for further investigation of efficacy and adverse effects of Nigella sativa seeds in treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetic disease

[Effects of dark rearing on clonic seizure threshold and pentyleneterazol induced epileptiform activity in mice]

Epileptic seizures are generally considered as complex and abnormal hyperexcitable phenomena in the brain. Probable changing of excitability in visual cortex by dark rearing [DR] might lead to clonic seizure. In this study the possible effect of dark rearing on Pentylenetetrazol [PTZ] induced generalized clonic seizure was studied. To assess the generalized clonic seizures [GCS] threshold and incidence and latency of GCS, 0.5% Pentylenetetrazol was administrated intravenously and 80 mg/kg subcutaneously to the control and dark reared animals. Our results showed that generalized clonic seizure threshold in DR group was not changed but occurring of GCS in DR animals was significantly lower and its latency was higher than the control animals. The tonic- clonic seizure was not different between the two groups. In spite of increasing seizure susceptibility in visual cortex by light deprivation, a kind of protection was observed in dark reared animals. Further studies seem to be necessary to elucidate the role of other factors such as melatonin

Neurological and other manifestations of Wilson disease; 1998-2005

Wilson disease [WD] is an inherited copper metabolism dysfunction disease characterized by cirrhosis and CNS findings. Wilson disease is important because it is fatal not recognized and treated. Our Goa of study is to investigate the clinical signs and symptoms, lab results and other relevant matters in our patients in order to obtain a better understanding of this potentially lethal disease in our country. We have evaluated 21 cases of children with Wilson disease who were referred to Loghman and Imam Hussein Hospital between years 1998-2005. The mean age of our patients was 9 years. The presenting symptom was ascites and extremity edema in 6[28.5%] patients, behavioral changes or neurological signs in 5[24%] simultaneous Ascites and icter in 9[43%] patients and in one patient the presenting manifestation was hemolytic anemia [4.8%]. One of our patients died because of fulminant hepatitis in the course of admission [4.8%]. We showed in this study that Wilson disease can be presented by a manifold symptom in children and adolescence. Having a good concept of these symptoms in high clinical suspicious are required to diagnose this potentially lethal disease at the proper time in order to decrease the potential adverse effects of the disease especially the neuropsychiatric damages significantly

[Evaluation of anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of methanol extracts of some species of Stachys and Melia]

The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori], identified in 1982, is now recognized as the primary etiological factor associated with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. The present study is aimed at evaluating the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of 10 Iranian plant extracts on clinical isolates of H. pylori. Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from patients presenting with gastroduodenal complications. H. pylori was isolated from the specimens following standard microbiology procedures. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of 12 isolates to methanol plant extracts [Fruit and leaves of Melia azedarach, Melia indica and aerial parts of Stachys setifera, Stachys turcomanica, Stachys trinervis, Stachys subaphylla, Stachys byzanthina, Stachys persica, Stachys inflata, Stachys laxa]. The plants tested at 8 mg/disc concentration demonstrated anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition ranging from 12-38 mm. Of these, Stachys setifera [aerial parts], Melia indica [Fruit] and Melia azedarach [leaves] showed the most potent anti -H. pylori activity on the isolates. Due to the rise in antibiotic resistance, new sources of anti-H. pylori drugs are needed. The use of medicinal plants may have potential benefit in eradicating such problems. According to the results of this study, further studies will be necessary to investigate the effects of other plants of Iran against H. pylori infectio

[Effect of silica-sol and distilled water ratio on dimensional changes of casting posts]

Dimensional changes in acrylic patterns during laboratory process to fabricate casting are an important issue which could lead to many clinical consequences. Microleakage, lack of retention and fitness are few of problems which could be predicted in the case of dimensional changes in acrylic patterns. So, investigating the factors which could minimize the dimensional change is necessary. This study compares how different proportions of silica-sol and distilled water affect the dimensional changes in castings. This study was an experimental study wherein 30 specimens of acrylic patterns [Duralay] with similar dimensions were prepared and equally divided in five different groups and studied. Using extensiometer digital machine, the acrylic patterns were measured at three portions [length, coronal diameter and apical diameter] with accuracy of 10 microns. 1- The mean average of casting post length compared to changed acrylic patterns was statistically significant in pure distilled water group only. 2- The mean average of changes in casting coronal diameter did not demonstrate any significant differences compared to acrylic patterns. 3- The mean average of changes in casting post apical diameter compared to acrylic patterns using pure distilled water was significant. Because the least value in dimensional change was seen in 2/1, 3/1 ratio of silica-sol and distilled water, these ratios are recommended in fabrication of casting posts in order to have maximum accuracy and minimum micro leakage while building crowns and bridges